Resistors in Series & Parallel
e.g. 100, 220, 330
Resistors can be connected in series (end-to-end, increasing total resistance) or parallel (side-by-side, decreasing total resistance). Understanding these configurations is fundamental to circuit analysis and electronics design.
- 1Series: R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... (resistances add)
- 2Parallel: 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 ... (reciprocals add)
- 3Two resistors in parallel: R_total = (R1 × R2) / (R1 + R2)
- 4Voltage divides in series; current divides in parallel
100Ω and 100Ω in parallel=50Ω total(100×100)/(100+100) = 50
100Ω and 100Ω in series=200Ω totalSimple addition
| Colour | Value | Multiplier |
|---|---|---|
| Black | 0 | ×1 |
| Brown | 1 | ×10 |
| Red | 2 | ×100 |
| Orange | 3 | ×1,000 |
| Yellow | 4 | ×10,000 |
| Green | 5 | ×100,000 |
| Blue | 6 | ×1,000,000 |
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Fun Fact
The standard E24 resistor series was designed so that successive values overlap at ±5% tolerance — ensuring you can always find a resistor within 5% of any desired value.
References
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