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Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) estimates how much alcohol is in the bloodstream, calculated using the Widmark formula. BAC is influenced by units consumed, body weight, time elapsed, and biological sex (different body water percentages).

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1. 1Widmark formula: BAC% = (Alcohol grams) / (Body weight kg × 1000 × r) − 0.015 × hours
2. 2r = 0.68 (males), 0.55 (females) — distribution factor
3. 31 UK unit = 10ml pure alcohol = ~8g
4. 4Alcohol eliminated at ~0.015% per hour (linear, not exponential)

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