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Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.
الصيغة
Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- CO
- CO/BSA — CO/BSA
- HR
- HR value — Variable used in the calculation
- SV
- SV value — Variable used in the calculation
دليل خطوة بخطوة
- 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
- 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²
أمثلة محلولة
الإدخال
HR 100, SV 50 mL
النتيجة
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output
أخطاء شائعة يجب تجنبها
- ✕Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
- ✕Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization
أسئلة شائعة
What decreases cardiac output?
Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).
How is stroke volume measured?
Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.
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