EElectric Field Calculator
1μC = 1e-6 C
An electric field is a region around a charged particle where another charge experiences a force. Described by Coulomb's Law, the field strength E at distance r from a point charge Q is E = kQ/r². Electric fields are vector quantities — they point away from positive charges and toward negative charges. The concept underpins capacitors, electric motors, and all of electronics.
- 1E = kQ / r² where k = 8.99 × 10⁹ N⋅m²/C² (Coulomb's constant)
- 2Units: N/C or V/m (volts per metre) — equivalent
- 3Force on a test charge q: F = qE
- 4E decreases with the square of distance (inverse square law)
- 5Superposition: total E from multiple charges is the vector sum
Q = 1 μC, r = 0.1 m=E = 8.99×10⁹ × 10⁻⁶ / 0.01 = 899,000 N/CTypical electrostatics lab scale
Q = 1 C, r = 1 m=E = 8.99 × 10⁹ N/C — enormous; 1 C is a huge charge
| Context | Electric Field Strength |
|---|---|
| Atmospheric (fair weather) | ~100 V/m |
| Thunderstorm | ~1,000–10,000 V/m |
| Air breakdown (lightning) | ~3×10⁶ V/m |
| Household electrical wire | ~1,000 V/m |
| Inside DNA (at base pairs) | ~10⁸ V/m |
| Electron in hydrogen atom | ~5×10¹¹ V/m |
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