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Punnett Square

Offspring ratios from parent genotypes

🧬Punnett Square Calculator

e.g. Aa, AA, aa

A Punnett square is a visual diagram to predict offspring genotype combinations from known parental genotypes. Created by Reginald Punnett around 1905.

  1. 1Write one parent's gametes across the top, the other's down the side
  2. 2Fill each cell by combining corresponding alleles
  3. 3Count genotype frequencies from the completed grid
Aa × Aa=AA, Aa, Aa, aa → 1:2:1 genotype · 3:1 phenotype4 cells; AA=1, Aa=2, aa=1

Fun Fact

Punnett squares become unwieldy for 3+ gene loci — a trihybrid cross needs a 64-cell grid.

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