Cara Menghitung Cardiac Output
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Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.
Rumus
Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- CO
- CO/BSA — CO/BSA
- HR
- HR value — Variable used in the calculation
- SV
- SV value — Variable used in the calculation
Panduan Langkah demi Langkah
- 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
- 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²
Contoh Terpecahkan
Masukan
HR 100, SV 50 mL
Hasil
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output
Kesalahan Umum yang Harus Dihindari
- ✕Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
- ✕Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization
Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan
What decreases cardiac output?
Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).
How is stroke volume measured?
Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.
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