Cara Menghitung NPV

learn.whatIsHeading

Net Present Value (NPV) sums all future cash flows discounted to today's value minus the initial investment. Positive NPV means the investment creates more value than it costs.

Rumus

NPV = Σ [Cₜ / (1+r)ᵗ] − C₀; If NPV > 0, project is value-accretive

C₀: Initial investment (outflow) (Currency)
Cₜ: Cash inflow in period t (Currency)
r: Discount rate (Annual percentage)
t: Time period (Years)

Panduan Langkah demi Langkah

1NPV = Σ Cₜ/(1+r)ᵗ − Initial investment
2r = required discount rate (cost of capital)
3NPV > 0: invest; NPV < 0: reject
4Higher discount rate → lower NPV

Contoh Terpecahkan

Masukan

−$50k initial, $15k/yr for 5yr, 10% discount rate

Hasil

NPV = +$6,862 → invest

Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan

How do I choose the discount rate?

Use your weighted average cost of capital (WACC) or hurdle rate. 10% for stocks, 5–8% for real estate, 3–5% for bonds. Higher rate = stricter NPV test.

What does negative NPV mean?

Project doesn't meet your return threshold. In theory, reject it. In practice: real-world factors (strategic, competitive, optionality) may justify it anyway.

Does NPV account for risk?

Partially, via discount rate. Higher risk = higher discount rate = lower NPV. But NPV doesn't handle big downside scenarios—use scenario analysis + NPV together.

Siap menghitung? Coba Kalkulator NPV gratis

Cobalah sendiri →