Radioactive Decay Calculator
Initial N₀
Half-Life (t½)
Elapsed Time
Radioactive decay is the spontaneous transformation of unstable atomic nuclei over time. The half-life is the time for half the atoms to decay; after n half-lives, N₀/2ⁿ atoms remain.
- 1N(t) = N₀ × (½)^(t/t½)
- 2Decay constant λ = ln(2)/t½
- 3After 1 half-life: 50% remains; 2: 25%; 3: 12.5%
- 4Used in carbon dating, nuclear medicine, and waste management
Carbon-14, t½=5,730yr, elapsed 11,460yr (2 half-lives)=N = N₀ × 0.25 = 25% of original carbon-14 remains
| Isotope | Half-life | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon-14 | 5,730 years | Radiocarbon dating |
| Uranium-238 | 4.5 billion years | Geological dating |
| Iodine-131 | 8 days | Thyroid cancer therapy |
| Technetium-99m | 6 hours | Medical imaging |
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