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Growth percentiles compare a child's height and weight to a reference population of the same age and sex. A child at the 50th percentile is exactly average; 10th percentile is shorter/lighter than 90% of peers; 90th percentile is taller/heavier than 90% of peers.

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1. 1WHO growth charts (0–5 years) and CDC charts (2–20 years) are the standard references
2. 2Z-score = (measurement − median) / SD for age and sex
3. 3Track trend over time — sustained crossing of centile lines is more significant than a single reading

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