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Torque is the rotational equivalent of force — the tendency of a force to cause rotation around an axis. Torque = Force × Perpendicular distance from axis. It is measured in Newton-metres (N·m) or foot-pounds (ft·lb).

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1. 1Torque (τ) = Force (F) × Lever arm distance (r) × sin(angle)
2. 2Maximum torque: when force is perpendicular to lever arm (sin 90° = 1)
3. 3Torque and angular acceleration: τ = I × α (moment of inertia × angular acceleration)

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