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Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.
Формула
Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- CO
- CO/BSA — CO/BSA
- HR
- HR value — Variable used in the calculation
- SV
- SV value — Variable used in the calculation
Водич чекор-по-чекор
- 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
- 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²
Worked Examples
Влез
HR 100, SV 50 mL
Резултат
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- ✕Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
- ✕Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization
Frequently Asked Questions
What decreases cardiac output?
Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).
How is stroke volume measured?
Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.
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