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Complex ions form from metal cation + ligands; stability described by formation constant K_f (larger K_f = stronger complex).

Stapsgewijze handleiding

  1. 1Input metal ion, ligands, and stability constants
  2. 2Calculate complex formation extent
  3. 3Determine free metal concentration

Uitgewerkte voorbeelden

Invoer
[Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺: K_f ≈ 10¹³ (very stable)
Resultaat
Even at high pH, ammonia prevents Cu²⁺ precipitation

Veelgemaakte fouten om te vermijden

  • Not accounting for overall K_f
  • Neglecting multi-step formation

Veelgestelde vragen

How does complexation affect solubility?

Forms complex more soluble than precipitate; common use to dissolve otherwise insoluble salts.

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