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Buoyancy (upthrust) is the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or partially submerged object. Archimedes' principle states: buoyant force = weight of fluid displaced by the object.

Trinn-for-trinn guide

1. 1Buoyant force (F_b) = ρ × g × V_displaced
2. 2ρ = fluid density (water ≈ 1,000 kg/m³, seawater ≈ 1,025 kg/m³)
3. 3Object floats if its average density < fluid density
4. 4Apparent weight = Actual weight − Buoyant force

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