〜Wave Speed Calculator
Wave speed is the rate at which a wave propagates through a medium. The fundamental wave equation v = fλ relates wave speed (v), frequency (f), and wavelength (λ). It applies to all wave types: sound, light, radio, water, seismic, and string waves. For electromagnetic waves in vacuum, v = c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s (the speed of light).
- 1v = f × λ (wave speed = frequency × wavelength)
- 2f = v / λ (frequency = speed / wavelength)
- 3λ = v / f (wavelength = speed / frequency)
- 4Speed of sound in air at 20°C ≈ 343 m/s
- 5Speed of light in vacuum = 299,792,458 m/s ≈ 3×10⁸ m/s
Middle A (440 Hz), sound in air (343 m/s)=λ = 343/440 = 0.78 mWavelength of a musical note
FM radio station 100 MHz=λ = 3×10⁸/10⁸ = 3 mFM waves are ~3 metres long
Earthquake P-wave (6000 m/s), 2 Hz=λ = 3000 m = 3 km
| Medium | Wave Type | Speed |
|---|---|---|
| Vacuum | Light / EM | 299,792,458 m/s (c) |
| Air (20°C) | Sound | 343 m/s |
| Water (25°C) | Sound | 1,497 m/s |
| Steel | Sound | ~5,960 m/s |
| Granite (P-wave) | Seismic | ~5,500–6,500 m/s |
| Optical fibre | Light | ~2×10⁸ m/s (2c/3) |
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