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Cell potential (E°cell) measures the voltage of an electrochemical cell — the driving force for electron transfer. E°cell = E°cathode − E°anode. A positive cell potential indicates a spontaneous reaction.

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1. 1Identify the half-reactions (oxidation at anode, reduction at cathode)
2. 2Find standard reduction potentials from table
3. 3E°cell = E°cathode (reduction) − E°anode (reduction)
4. 4ΔG° = −nFE° (n = electrons, F = 96,485 C/mol)

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