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Functional Threshold Power (FTP) is the highest average power output a cyclist can sustain for approximately 60 minutes. It is the foundation of cycling training zones and the primary measure of competitive cycling performance.

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1. 1Standard FTP test: 20-minute all-out effort; FTP = 95% of 20-minute average power
2. 2Alternatively: 60-minute maximum effort (direct FTP)
3. 3Ramp test: 3-minute steps increasing by 20W; FTP ≈ 75% of peak 1-minute power
4. 4W/kg (watts per kg bodyweight) allows comparison between riders of different sizes

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