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Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is the energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field. GPE = mgh where m is mass (kg), g is gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²), and h is height above reference (m).

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1. 1GPE = m × g × h
2. 2g ≈ 9.81 m/s² at Earth's surface (9.80665 exactly at standard)
3. 3GPE is relative to a reference height (often the ground or sea level)
4. 4When an object falls, GPE converts to kinetic energy (KE = ½mv²)

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