Unit Rate / Price Per Unit
$
A unit rate expresses a ratio with a denominator of 1 — the rate per single unit. Examples: miles per hour, price per pound, steps per minute. Unit rates allow direct comparison between different quantities.
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Tip: Supermarket unit pricing (price per ounce/gram) is posted on shelf labels for exactly this reason — it makes comparison shopping trivial. Generic brands often have a lower unit price even when the package costs more.
- 1Unit rate = total quantity / total units
- 2Price per unit: $12 for 4 items → $3/item
- 3Speed: 180 miles in 3 hours → 60 mph
- 4Finding better value: compare unit prices
3 bottles for $7.50=$2.50 per bottle$7.50 / 3 = $2.50/bottle
240 miles in 4 hours=60 mph240/4 = 60 miles/hour
| Rate type | Example | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Speed | 60 mph | miles per hour |
| Fuel efficiency | 35 mpg | miles per gallon |
| Wage | $18/hr | dollars per hour |
| Density | 8.96 g/cm³ (copper) | grams per cubic cm |
| Population density | 1,350/km² (NYC) | people per km² |
| Bandwidth | 100 Mbps | megabits per second |
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Fun Fact
Unit rates are the foundation of proportional reasoning — a skill identified as one of the most important in K-12 mathematics. Students who master unit rates in middle school have significantly higher success rates in algebra and higher mathematics.
References
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