IP Subnet Calculator
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An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a numerical label assigned to each device on a network. IPv4 uses 32 bits (e.g., 192.168.1.1); IPv6 uses 128 bits (e.g., 2001:0db8::1). An IP calculator helps find network address, broadcast, subnet mask, and host range.
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Tip: Private IP ranges not routed on the internet: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16. Your home router uses these. The 127.0.0.0/8 block is the loopback range — 127.0.0.1 is always "this computer".
- 1IPv4: four 8-bit octets (0–255 each), e.g. 192.168.1.100
- 2CIDR notation: /24 means 24 bits for network, 8 bits for hosts
- 3Subnet mask /24 = 255.255.255.0
- 4Hosts per subnet: 2^(host bits) − 2 (subtract network and broadcast)
| CIDR | Subnet Mask | Hosts | Common use |
|---|---|---|---|
| /8 | 255.0.0.0 | 16,777,214 | Large ISP |
| /16 | 255.255.0.0 | 65,534 | Large corporate |
| /24 | 255.255.255.0 | 254 | Home/small office |
| /25 | 255.255.255.128 | 126 | Split /24 in half |
| /28 | 255.255.255.240 | 14 | Small segment |
| /30 | 255.255.255.252 | 2 | Point-to-point link |
| /32 | 255.255.255.255 | 1 | Single host route |
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Fun Fact
IPv4 has only ~4.3 billion addresses (2³²). The internet ran out of unallocated IPv4 addresses in 2011. IPv6 with 2¹²⁸ addresses provides enough for ~340 undecillion addresses — more than a billion addresses per atom on Earth's surface.
References
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