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Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.
Wzór
Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- CO
- CO/BSA — CO/BSA
- HR
- HR value — Variable used in the calculation
- SV
- SV value — Variable used in the calculation
Przewodnik krok po kroku
- 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
- 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²
Rozwiązane przykłady
Wejście
HR 100, SV 50 mL
Wynik
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output
Częste błędy do unikania
- ✕Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
- ✕Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization
Często zadawane pytania
What decreases cardiac output?
Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).
How is stroke volume measured?
Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.
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