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Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.

Формула

Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
CO
CO/BSA — CO/BSA
HR
HR value — Variable used in the calculation
SV
SV value — Variable used in the calculation

Пошаговое руководство

  1. 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
  2. 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
  3. 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²

Решённые примеры

Ввод
HR 100, SV 50 mL
Результат
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output

Распространённые ошибки

  • Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
  • Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization

Часто задаваемые вопросы

What decreases cardiac output?

Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).

How is stroke volume measured?

Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.

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