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Einstein's famous equation E = mc² expresses the equivalence of energy (E) and mass (m), connected by c² (speed of light squared, ~9 × 10¹⁶ m²/s²). It means a tiny amount of mass contains an enormous amount of energy — the basis of nuclear power and weapons.

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1. 1E = mc² where c = 299,792,458 m/s (speed of light)
2. 2c² = 8.9875 × 10¹⁶ J/kg
3. 31 gram of mass contains 89.875 terajoules of energy
4. 4That's equivalent to ~21.5 kilotons of TNT — similar to the Hiroshima bomb

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