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Impulse (J) is the change in momentum of an object when a force acts over time: J = F × Δt = Δp = m × Δv. A large force over a short time (collision) or a small force over a long time can produce the same impulse.

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1. 1Impulse = Force × Time = Change in momentum
2. 2J = F × Δt = m × Δv
3. 3Units: N·s = kg·m/s
4. 4Conservation of momentum: in a closed system, total impulse = 0

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