Percent yield compares the actual amount of product obtained in a reaction to the theoretical maximum (calculated from stoichiometry). It reflects efficiency and accounts for side reactions, incomplete reactions, and purification losses.
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Did You Know?
Industrial chemical processes rarely achieve above 85% yield. Pharmaceutical synthesis often involves 10–20 steps, so even 90% yield per step gives 0.90²⁰ = only 12% overall yield.
References
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