Slope (gradient) measures the steepness of a line: rise over run = Δy/Δx = (y₂−y₁)/(x₂−x₁). Positive slope = rising left to right; negative = falling; zero = horizontal; undefined = vertical. Used in algebra, physics, road engineering, and data analysis.
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Pro Tip
Road grade % = (rise/run) × 100. A 5% grade means 5 feet of elevation gain per 100 feet of horizontal distance. Most cars struggle above 20% grade.
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Did You Know?
The steepest street in the world is Baldwin Street in Dunedin, New Zealand at a 35% grade (19.3°). The steepest road legally driven by regular cars is Ffordd Pen Llech in Wales at 37.45%.
References
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