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Paano Kalkulahin si Cardiac Output

Ano ang Cardiac Output?

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.

Pormula

Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
CO
CO/BSA — CO/BSA
HR
HR value — Variable used in the calculation
SV
SV value — Variable used in the calculation

Step-by-Step na Gabay

  1. 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
  2. 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
  3. 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²

Mga Nalutas na Halimbawa

Input
HR 100, SV 50 mL
Resulta
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output

Mga Karaniwang Mali na Dapat Iwasan

  • Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
  • Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization

Mga madalas itanong

What decreases cardiac output?

Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).

How is stroke volume measured?

Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.

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