Trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, cot) relate the angles and sides of triangles. They extend to the unit circle for all angles and are fundamental in physics, engineering, navigation, signal processing, and wave analysis.
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Pro Tip
Remember CAST (All Students Take Calculus) for which functions are positive in each quadrant: Q1=All, Q2=Sin, Q3=Tan, Q4=Cos.
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Did You Know?
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768–1830) showed that any periodic signal — no matter how complex — can be decomposed into a sum of sine and cosine waves. This Fourier transform is fundamental to audio compression (MP3), image compression (JPEG), and telecommunications.
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