The interquartile range (IQR = Q3 − Q1) covers the middle 50% of data. It is robust to outliers and used to identify them: values outside Q1−1.5×IQR or Q3+1.5×IQR are flagged as outliers.
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Did You Know?
The box plot (IQR visualised), invented by John Tukey in 1970, remains one of the most effective displays for comparing distributions.
References
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