Cardiac Output Nasıl Hesaplanır?
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Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.
Formül
Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- CO
- CO/BSA — CO/BSA
- HR
- HR value — Variable used in the calculation
- SV
- SV value — Variable used in the calculation
Adım Adım Kılavuz
- 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
- 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²
Çözümlü Örnekler
Giriş
HR 100, SV 50 mL
Sonuç
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output
Kaçınılması Gereken Yaygın Hatalar
- ✕Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
- ✕Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization
Sık sorulan sorular
What decreases cardiac output?
Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).
How is stroke volume measured?
Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.
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