Freezing point depression is a colligative property: adding a solute to a pure solvent lowers the freezing point. ΔTf = i × Kf × m, where i is the van't Hoff factor, Kf is the cryoscopic constant, and m is molality.
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Did You Know?
Road salt (NaCl) works by freezing point depression, but only down to about −9°C. At lower temperatures, CaCl₂ (which gives i=3 and larger ΔTf) is used for de-icing.
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