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Buffer capacity (β) measures how much acid or base a buffer solution can absorb before the pH changes significantly. It depends on the total concentration of the buffer and is maximum when [HA] = [A⁻] (i.e., pH = pKa).

Hướng dẫn từng bước

1. 1β = 2.303 × Ca × Cb / (Ca + Cb)
2. 2Ca = acid concentration · Cb = base concentration
3. 3Maximum when Ca = Cb (equal concentrations)
4. 4Higher total buffer concentration → higher capacity

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