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Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.
Công thức
Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- CO
- CO/BSA — CO/BSA
- HR
- HR value — Variable used in the calculation
- SV
- SV value — Variable used in the calculation
Hướng dẫn từng bước
- 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
- 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²
Ví dụ có lời giải
đầu vào
HR 100, SV 50 mL
Kết quả
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output
Lỗi thường gặp cần tránh
- ✕Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
- ✕Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization
Câu hỏi thường gặp
What decreases cardiac output?
Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).
How is stroke volume measured?
Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.
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