如何计算Cardiac Output
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Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute. It's calculated from heart rate and stroke volume, crucial for shock assessment.
公式
Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- CO
- CO/BSA — CO/BSA
- HR
- HR value — Variable used in the calculation
- SV
- SV value — Variable used in the calculation
分步指南
- 1Calculate: CO = HR × SV (in mL)
- 2Normal CO ≈ 5 L/min; normalize to body surface area: CI = CO/BSA
- 3Normal CI ≈ 2.5-3.5 L/min/m²
例题解析
输入
HR 100, SV 50 mL
结果
CO = 5 L/min (normal)
Normal cardiac output
常见错误注意事项
- ✕Confusing cardiac output with blood pressure
- ✕Using SV values from different populations without BSA normalization
常见问题
What decreases cardiac output?
Decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume (due to reduced preload, afterload, or contractility).
How is stroke volume measured?
Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or non-invasive methods. Not directly measured from vital signs.
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