🌿Biodiversity Index (Shannon-Wiener)
e.g. 10, 20, 30, 5
The Shannon-Wiener diversity index H' measures biodiversity combining species richness and evenness. H' = −Σ(pᵢ × ln pᵢ).
- 1pᵢ = nᵢ/N for each species
- 2H = −Σ(pᵢ × ln pᵢ)
- 3H_max = ln(S) · Evenness J = H/H_max
Species counts: 50, 30, 20=H = 1.03 · J = 0.94High evenness despite only 3 species
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Fun Fact
The Amazon rainforest has Shannon indices exceeding 5 — extraordinary species richness. A monoculture farming system has H=0.
References
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