Gibbs free energy (G) determines whether a chemical reaction can occur spontaneously at constant temperature and pressure. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS: negative ΔG means spontaneous; positive means non-spontaneous.
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Did You Know?
Josiah Willard Gibbs developed this function in 1873–1876 — arguably the most significant contribution to chemistry in the 19th century, enabling prediction of chemical equilibria.
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