Hess's Law کا حساب کیسے لگائیں
Hess's Law کیا ہے؟
Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the pathway taken — it depends only on the initial and final states. This allows calculation of ΔH for reactions that are difficult to measure directly.
مرحلہ وار گائیڈ
- 1Write the target reaction
- 2Identify a series of known reactions that sum to the target
- 3Reverse any reaction that needs to be reversed (change sign of ΔH)
- 4Multiply reactions by appropriate stoichiometric factors
- 5Sum all ΔH values
حل شدہ مثالیں
ان پٹ
C + O₂ → CO₂ (ΔH=−393kJ) and 2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂ (ΔH=−566kJ)
نتیجہ
C + ½O₂ → CO: ΔH = −110kJ
Subtract half of second equation from first
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