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Solar Irradiance کا حساب کیسے لگائیں

Solar Irradiance کیا ہے؟

Solar irradiance is solar power density reaching Earth's surface. It varies by location, time, clouds, and atmospheric conditions.

مرحلہ وار گائیڈ

  1. 1Direct normal irradiance (DNI): beam radiation perpendicular to surface
  2. 2Diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI): scattered radiation from entire sky
  3. 3Global horizontal irradiance (GHI): total arriving at horizontal surface

حل شدہ مثالیں

ان پٹ
Clear day, sea level, solar noon
نتیجہ
GHI ≈ 1000 W/m² (AM 1.5 standard spectrum)
Peak theoretical

عام غلطیاں جن سے بچنا ہے

  • Using peak 1000 W/m² without accounting for clouds and seasons
  • Neglecting angle-of-incidence effects

اکثر پوچھے جانے والے سوالات

How does altitude affect irradiance?

Higher elevation reduces atmospheric path, increasing irradiance. 1000 m altitude ~10% higher than sea level.

Why do solar panels need tilting?

Tilting captures more direct irradiance. Optimal angle ≈ latitude for fixed systems.

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